1. up to scratch : 合格, 处于良好状态;
2. from scratch : 从零开始, 从无到有, 白手起家;
3. without a scratch : 丝毫未受伤, 安然无恙;
及物动词
1. His name was scratched from the list.
他的名字被从名单上划掉了。
2.
2. He scratched a note and put it on her desk.
他草草写了一张字条放在她书桌上。
3. The cat scratched a hole in the ground.
猫在地上扒了一个洞。
不及物动词
1. A dog scratched at the door to be let in.
狗嚓嚓地抓门要想进来。